Əsas məqalələr: və

 

 

 
Petr Fiala

Çexiya plüralist çoxpartiyalı parlamentar nümayəndəli demokratiyadır. Çexiya Parlamenti (çex. Parlament České republiky) (çex. Poslanecká sněmovna, 200 üzv) və (çex. Senát, 81 üzv) ibarət ikipalatalıdır. Deputatlar Palatasının üzvləri 5% ilə proporsional seçki sistemi ilə dörd il müddətinə seçilirlər. Ölkənin inzibati rayonları ilə eyni sayda 14 seçki dairəsi var. Senatın üzvləri bir mandatli seçki dairələri üzrə iki turdan ibarət ikinci tur səsvermə yolu ilə altı il müddətinə seçilir, üçdə biri isə hər ilin payızında seçilir.

Prezident məhdud və spesifik səlahiyyətlərə malik olan rəsmi dövlət başçısıdır, baş naziri, eləcə də baş nazirin təklifi ilə kabinetin digər üzvlərini təyin edir. 1993-cü ildən 2012-ci ilə qədər parlamentin birgə iclası tərəfindən ardıcıl iki müddətdən çox olmayaraq beş il müddətinə seçildi (2 dəfə Vatslav Havel, 2 dəfə ). 2013-cü ildən prezident birbaşa seçilir. Bəzi şərhçilər prezidentin birbaşa seçilməsinin tətbiqi ilə Çexiyanın parlament sistemindən uzaqlaşaraq yarı-prezident sisteminə keçdiyini iddia edirlər. Hökumətin icra hakimiyyətini həyata keçirməsi irəli gəlir. Hökumətin üzvləri baş nazir, baş nazirin müavinləri və digər nazirlərdir. Hökumət Deputatlar Palatası qarşısında cavabdehdir. hökumətin başçısıdır və əksər xarici və daxili siyasətin gündəliyini təyin etmək və hökumət nazirlərini seçmək hüququ kimi səlahiyyətlərə malikdir.

Hüquq

  Əsas məqalələr: , , və

 

The Czech Republic is a , with a based on the continental type, rooted in Germanic legal culture. The basis of the legal system is the adopted in 1993. The is effective from 2010. A new became effective in 2014. The court system includes district, county, and supreme courts and is divided into civil, criminal, and administrative branches. The Czech judiciary has a of supreme courts. The consists of 15 constitutional judges and oversees violations of the by either the legislature or by the . The is formed of 67 judges and is the court of highest appeal for most heard in the Czech Republic. The decides on issues of procedural and administrative propriety. It also has jurisdiction over certain political matters, such as the formation and closure of political parties, jurisdictional boundaries between government entities, and the eligibility of persons to stand for public office. The Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court are both based in Brno, as is the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office.

Xarici siyasət

  Əsas məqalə:

Həmçinin bax: Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi (Çexiya)

 

The Czech Republic has ranked as for the past few decades. It is a member of the United Nations, the , NATO, , and is an observer to the . The embassies of most countries with diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic are located in , while are located across the country.

The Czech passport is . According to the 2018 , Czech citizens have visa-free access to 173 countries, which ranks them 7th along with Malta and . The ranks the Czech passport 24th. The US Visa Waiver Program applies to Czech nationals.

The and have primary roles in setting foreign policy, although the also has influence and represents the country abroad. Membership in the European Union and NATO is central to the Czech Republic's foreign policy. The (ÚZSI) serves as the agency responsible for and foreign policy briefings, as well as protection of Czech Republic's embassies abroad.

The Czech Republic has ties with , and as a member of the , as well as with Germany,, the United States and the and its . After 2020, relations with Asian democratic states, such as , are being strengthened. Conversely, the Czech Republic has long had bad relations with , and from 2021 the Czech Republic appears on Russia's official list of enemy countries. The Czech Republic also has problematic relations with .

Czech officials have supported dissenters in Belarus, Moldova, Myanmar and Cuba.

Famous Czech diplomats of the past included , , Count , , Prince , , , , , , , , , , Prince and .

Military

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The consist of the , the and of specialized support units. The armed forces are managed by the . The is of the armed forces. In 2004 the army transformed itself into a fully professional organization and compulsory military service was abolished. The country has been a member of NATO since 12 March 1999. Defence spending is approximately 1.28% of the GDP (2021). The armed forces are charged with protecting the Czech Republic and its allies, promoting global security interests, and contributing to NATO.

Currently, as a member of NATO, the Czech military are participating in the and operations and have soldiers in , Mali, , Kosovo, , and . The Czech Air Force also served in the and . The main equipment of the Czech military includes JAS 39 Gripen multi-role fighters, combat aircraft, Mi-35 attack helicopters, armored vehicles (, , , BVP-2) and tanks (T-72 and ).

The most famous Czech, and therefore Czechoslovak, soldiers and military leaders of the past were , , , , , , , , , , , and .

Human rights

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Həmçinin bax:

Human rights in the Czech Republic are guaranteed by the and on human rights. Nevertheless, there were cases of human rights violations such as discrimination against Roma children, for which the asked the Czech Republic to provide an explanation, or the illegal sterilization of Roma women, for which the government apologized.

Prague is the seat of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Today, the station is based in Hagibor. At the beginning of the 1990s, personally invited her to Czechoslovakia.

People of the same sex can enter into a "" in the Czech Republic. Conducting is not legal under current Czech law.

The best-known Czech activists and supporters of human rights include , born in Prague, who won the Nobel Peace Prize for her pacifist struggle, philosopher and the first Czechoslovak president , student , who set himself on fire in 1969 in protest against the Soviet occupation, , who was chairman of the International Helsinki Committee for Human Rights between 1984 and 1990, , long-time dissident and later president, sociologist and dissident and , founder and director of the organization.

Administrative divisions

  Əsas məqalələr: , , və

Since 2000, the Czech Republic has been divided into (: kraje, singular kraj) and the capital city of . Every region has its own elected regional assembly and a regional governor. In Prague, the assembly and presidential powers are executed by the city council and the mayor.

The older seventy-six (okresy, singular ) including three "statutory cities" (without Prague, which had special status) lost most of their importance in 1999 in an administrative reform; they remain as territorial divisions and seats of various branches of state administration.

The smallest administrative units are . As of 2021, the Czech Republic is divided into 6,254 municipalities. Cities and towns are also municipalities. The capital city of Prague is a region and municipality at the same time.

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