Pax Americana - Haqqinda Melumat

"Pax Americana" (Paks Amerikana; hərf. Amerika sülhü) — 1945-ci ildə İkinci Dünya müharibəsi başa çatdıqdan sonra, ABŞ dünyanın dominant iqtisadi, mədəni və hərbi gücünə çevrildiyi zaman Qərb yarımkürəsində və daha sonra dünyada nisbi sülh anlayışına tətbiq edilən termin. "Pax Romana" və "Pax Britannica" terminlərindən modelləşdirilmişdir.

Bu mənada "Pax Americana" ABŞ-nin digər dövlətlərə nisbətən hərbi və iqtisadi mövqeyini təsvir etmişdir. ABŞ-nin Qərbi Avropa ölkələrinə iqtisadi bərpa proqramlarında 13,3 milyard dollar (2023-cü ildə 173 milyard dollara bərabərdir) köçürdüyü ABŞ Marşal planı "Pax Americana"nın işə salınması" kimi təsvir edilmişdir.

Həmçinin bax

İstinadlar

Nye, Joseph S. . Political Science Quarterly. 105 (2). 1990: 177–192. doi:. JSTOR .
Kirchwey, George W. "Pax Americana". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 72. 1917: 40–48. doi:.
Abbott, Lyman, Hamilton Wright Mabie, Ernest Hamlin Abbott, and Francis Rufus Bellamy. The Outlook. New York: Outlook Co, 1898. "" p. 465. (cf. [...] Felix Adler [states ...] "if, instead of establishing the Pax Americana so far as our influence avails throughout this continent, we should enter into' the field of Old World strife, and seek the sort of glory that is written in human blood." Here it is assumed that we have failed in establishing self-government, and propose to substitute, at least in other lands, an Old World form of government. This sort of argument has no effect on the expansionist, because he believes that we have magnificently succeeded in our problem, in spite of failures, neglects, and violations of our own principles, and because what he wishes to do is, not to abandon the experiment, but, inspired by the successes of the past, extend the Pax Americana over lands not included in this continent.")
. merriam-webster.com. February 24, 2022 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: August 1, 2018.
Mee, Charles L. (ingilis). Simon and Schuster. 1984. ISBN 978-0-671-42149-6.

Əlavə ədəbiyyat

Ankerl, Guy. Global communication without universal civilization // Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese and Western. INU Societal Research. 1. Geneva: INU Press. 2000. 256–332. ISBN 978-2-88155-004-1.
Brown, Michael E. . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 2000. ISBN 9780262265249.
Burton, Paul J. "Pax Romana/Pax Americana: Views of the "New Rome" from "Old Europe", 2000–2010". International Journal of the Classical Tradition. 20 (1–2). 2013: 15–40. doi:.
Clarke, Peter. The last thousand days of the British empire: Churchill, Roosevelt, and the birth of the Pax Americana (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010)
Gottlieb, Gidon. . New York: Press. 1993. ISBN 9780876091562.
Hull, William I. . New York: G.P. Putnam. 1915.
Kahrstedt, Ulrich. Pax Americana; ein historische Betrachtung am Wendepunkte der europäischen Geschichte [Pax Americana, a historical look at the turning points in European history] (alman). Munich: Drei Masken Verlag. 1920.
Kiernan, V. G. . London: Verso. 2005. ISBN 9781844675227.
Kupchan, Charles. . New York: A. Knopf. 2002. ^{[ölü keçid]}
Layne, Christopher. . International Studies Quarterly. 56 (1). 2012: 203–213. doi:. JSTOR .
LaFeber, Walter. . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0801485954.
, "The Forgotten Crime of War Itself" (review of , Humane: How the United States Abandoned Peace and Reinvented War, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2021, 400 pp.), , vol. LXIX, no. 7 (April 21, 2022), pp. 40–42. "After September 11 [2001] no politician asked whether the proper response to a should be a US war or an international police action. [...] Debating or other abuses, while indisputably valuable, has diverted Americans from 'deliberating on the deeper choice they were making to ignore constraints on starting war in the first place.' [W]ar itself causes far more suffering than violations of its rules." (p. 40.)
Louis, William Roger. // Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization: Collected Essays. London: I.B. Tauris. 2006. 999+. ISBN 9781845113476.
Mee, Charles L. The Marshall Plan: The launching of the pax americana (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984)
Narlikar, Amrita; Kumar, Rajiv. "From Pax Americana to Pax Mosaica? Bargaining over a New Economic Order". The Political Quarterly. 83 (2). 2012: 384–394. doi:.
Nye, Joseph S. . New York: Basic Books. 1990. ISBN 9780465007448.
Snow, Francis Haffkine. . Current History. 13. 1921.

Xarici keçidlər

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, Interview with Against the Grain

[1] Nye, Joseph S. . Political Science Quarterly. 105 (2). 1990: 177–192. doi:. JSTOR .

[HummelAnnal2-2] Kirchwey, George W. "Pax Americana". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 72. 1917: 40–48. doi:.

[3] Abbott, Lyman, Hamilton Wright Mabie, Ernest Hamlin Abbott, and Francis Rufus Bellamy. The Outlook. New York: Outlook Co, 1898. "" p. 465. (cf. [...] Felix Adler [states ...] "if, instead of establishing the Pax Americana so far as our influence avails throughout this continent, we should enter into' the field of Old World strife, and seek the sort of glory that is written in human blood." Here it is assumed that we have failed in establishing self-government, and propose to substitute, at least in other lands, an Old World form of government. This sort of argument has no effect on the expansionist, because he believes that we have magnificently succeeded in our problem, in spite of failures, neglects, and violations of our own principles, and because what he wishes to do is, not to abandon the experiment, but, inspired by the successes of the past, extend the Pax Americana over lands not included in this continent.")

[4] . merriam-webster.com. February 24, 2022 tarixində . İstifadə tarixi: August 1, 2018.

[5] Mee, Charles L. (ingilis). Simon and Schuster. 1984. ISBN 978-0-671-42149-6.