English: Gopika, Vadathika and Vapiyaka are three caves in Nagarjuni Hill east of the four caves in Barabar Hill. These are dated to the 3rd century BCE. Inscriptions from Mauryan era suggest these were for the Ajivikas tradition. They became extinct and abandoned it. Later Buddhists used it and added inscriptions. In 5th to 6th century Hindus started using it and added their own inscriptions.

The inscription on the Gopika cave is in Sanskrit, Gupta script. It is dedicated to Durga of the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism. It was brought to the attention of scholars by John Herbert Harington in 1788.

This is a photograph of a personal copy of plates published by John Fleet , with Inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings And Their Successors, as a part of the Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum series, Vol. 3. The inscriptions are 2-D art created in or before the 6th-century CE. The publication date of the photographic plates in 1888 by Fleet (died 1917) makes the work qualify for the PD-Art-100-70 guidelines. Any rights I have, I herewith donate to wikimedia under Creative Commons 4.0 license.