İrandilli xalqlar

İran xalqları
	İran dillərinin yayılması
Ümumi sayı
	210-230 milyon
Dili
	İran dilləri
Dini
	İslam (Şiə İslamı, və Sünni İslamı)

İran xalqları,^[1] İrandilli xalqlar və ya İrani xalqları^[2] — əsasən Hind-Avropa dil ailəsindəki Hind-İran dillərinin bir qolu olan İran dillərindən hər hansı birinin yerli istifadəsi ilə müəyyən edilən müxtəlif etnolinqvistik qruplar.^[3]

Proto-iranlıların eramızdan əvvəl II minilliyin ortalarında Mərkəzi Asiyada hind-iranlıların ayrıca bir qolu kimi meydana çıxdıqları güman edilir. Eramızdan əvvəl I minilliyin ortalarında genişlənmənin zirvəsində İran xalqlarının ərazisi qərbdə Dunay düzənliyindən şərqdə Ordos yaylasına və cənubda İran yaylasına qədər bütün Avrasiya çölünü əhatə edirdi.^[4]

İran dili danışan xalqarın ümumi əhali sayı təxminən 210-230 milyondur.

Ad

"İran" termini birbaşa Orta Farsca Ērān (𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭‎) və Parfiyaca Aryān (𐭀𐭓𐭉𐭀𐭍‎) sözlərindən əmələ gəlib.^[5] Orta İranca ērān və aryān terminləri qəbilə mənşəli ēr- (Orta Farsca) və ary- (Parfiyaca) sözlərinin əyri cəm formalarıdır və hər ikisi qədim farsca ariya- (𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹), Avestaca airiia- (𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬀) və Proto-İranca *arya- sözlərindən törəyib.^[6]

Dna və Dse-də Darius və Kserks özlərini "Əhəməni, fars, farsın oğlu və ari soyundan olan ari" kimi təsvir edirlər.^[7] Böyük Darius öz dilini arya- ("İran") adlandırsa da, müasir alimlər onu Qədim Fars adlandırırlar, çünki bu, müasir fars dilinin əcdadıdır.^[8]

I Şapurun əmri ilə ucaldılmış üçdilli kitabə daha aydın təsvir verir. İstifadə olunan dillər Parfiya, Orta Fars və Yunan dilləridir. Yunan dilindəki kitabədə "ego ... tou Arianon ethnous despotes eimi" yazılıb ki, bu da "Mən İranlıların krallığının (millətinin) kralıyam" deməkdir. Orta fars dilində Şapur "ērānšahr xwadāy hēm", Parfiya dilində isə "aryānšahr xwadāy ahēm" deyir. ^[9]^[10]^[11]

Bütün bu dəlillər göstərir ki, Arya adı kollektiv tərif olub, vahid etnik qrupa mənsub olduqlarının fərqində olan, ortaq dildə danışan və Əhrməzd kultuna əsaslanan dini ənənəyə malik xalqları ifadə edirdi.^[12]

Qədim İrandilli xalqlar

Müasir İrandilli xalqlar

Qalereya

İrandilli xalqlar
Pakistandan olan Pamiri qızı
Tacik kişi
Tacik qadın və uşaq
Türkiyənin Bismil vilayətindən olan üç Kürd uşaq
Osmanlı imperiyasındakı Kürdlər
I Hürmüz
Osetin Kosta Xetaqurov
Puştun Eyyub xan
Talış qadınları
Bir Midiya əsgəri və bir Fars əsgəri

İstinadlar

↑ Boucharlat, Rémy. "P. Callieri. « India, Relations with Iran. III. Political and Cultural Relations: Achaemenid Period », in : E. Yarshater, ed., Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. XIII, fasc. 1, (2004), pp. 10-13". Abstracta Iranica. Volume 27. 2006. doi:10.4000/abstractairanica.5688. ISSN 0240-8910.
↑ von Schierbrand, Wolf (1922). "Iranian". In Rines, George Edwin (ed.). Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 15. New York: Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. pp. 306–307
↑ Young, T. Cuyler Jr. (1988). "The Early History of the Medes and the Persians and the Achaemenid Empire to the Death of Cambyses". In Boardman, John; Hammond, N. G. L.; Lewis, D. M.; Ostwald, M. (eds.). Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525 to 479 B.C. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 11 (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-521-22804-2. The Iranians are one of the three major ethno-linguistic groups who define the modern Near East.
↑ Harmatta, János (1992). "The Emergence of the Indo-Iranians: The Indo-Iranian Languages" (PDF). In Dani, A. H.; Masson, V. M. (eds.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Dawn of Civilization: Earliest Times to 700 B. C. UNESCO. pp. 346–370. ISBN 978-92-3-102719-2.
↑ electricpulp.com. "ĒRĀN, ĒRĀNŠAHR – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org (ingilis). İstifadə tarixi: 25 noyabr 2025.
↑ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987), "Aryans", Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. 2, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 684–687,
↑ R. G. Kent. Old Persian. Grammar, texts, lexicon. 2nd ed., New Haven, Conn.
↑ Lazard, G. (1975). "The Rise of the New Persian Language". The Cambridge History of Iran. pp. 595–632. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521200936.021. ISBN 978-1-139-05496-6.
↑ MacKenzie, D. N. (1998). "Ērān, Ērānšahr". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VIII/5: English IV–Eršād al-zerāʿa (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. p. 534. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
↑ Canepa, Matthew (2018). The Iranian Expanse: Transforming Royal Identity Through Architecture, Landscape, and the Built Environment, 550 BCE–642 CE. Oakland: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520379206.
↑ MacKenzie, D. N. (1998). "Ērān, Ērānšahr". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VIII/5: English IV–Eršād al-zerāʿa (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. p. 534. Retrieved 31 March 2021
↑ Gnoli, G. "Iranian Identity ii. Pre-Islamic Period". Encyclopedia Iranica.
↑ Encyclopædia Iranica, "CENTRAL ASIA: The Islamic period up to the mongols", C. Edmund Bosworth: "In early Islamic times Persians tended to identify all the lands to the northeast of Khorasan and lying beyond the Oxus with the region of Turan, which in the Shahnama of Ferdowsi is regarded as the land allotted to Fereydun's son Tur. The denizens of Turan were held to include the Turks, in the first four centuries of Islam essentially those nomadizing beyond the Jaxartes, and behind them the Chinese (see Kowalski; Minorsky, "Turan"). Turan thus became both an ethnic and a geographical term, but always containing ambiguities and contradictions, arising from the fact that all through Islamic times the lands immediately beyond the Oxus and along its lower reaches were the homes not of Turks but of Iranian peoples, such as the Sogdians and Khwarezmians."
↑ C.E. Bosworth, "The Appearance of the Arabs in Central Asia under the Umayyads and the establishment of Islam", in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting, edited by M. S. Asimov and C. E. Bosworth. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 1998. excerpt from page 23: "Central Asia in the early seventh century, was ethnically, still largely an Iranian land whose people used various Middle Iranian languages.
↑ الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية (p. 47)
↑ Rüdiger Schmitt, "Cadusii" in Encyclopedia Iranica^{[ölü keçid]}
↑ Robson, Barbara and Lipson, Juliene (2002) "Chapter 5(B)- The People: The Tajiks and Other Dari-Speaking Groups" Arxivləşdirilib 2010-01-27 at the Wayback Machine The Afghans – their history and culture Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C., OCLC 56081073 Arxivləşdirilib 2020-07-13 at the Wayback Machine
A third group, the Farsiwan (also called Parsiwan or Parsiban) are farmers who live near the Iranian border, although some have moved east to the larger towns of Herat, Kandahar, and Ghazni. The Farsiwan, who number about half a million, are ethnically and linguistically indistinguishable from the Iranians across the border.

[1] Boucharlat, Rémy. "P. Callieri. « India, Relations with Iran. III. Political and Cultural Relations: Achaemenid Period », in : E. Yarshater, ed., Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. XIII, fasc. 1, (2004), pp. 10-13". Abstracta Iranica. Volume 27. 2006. doi:10.4000/abstractairanica.5688. ISSN 0240-8910.

[2] von Schierbrand, Wolf (1922). "Iranian". In Rines, George Edwin (ed.). Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 15. New York: Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. pp. 306–307

[3] Young, T. Cuyler Jr. (1988). "The Early History of the Medes and the Persians and the Achaemenid Empire to the Death of Cambyses". In Boardman, John; Hammond, N. G. L.; Lewis, D. M.; Ostwald, M. (eds.). Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525 to 479 B.C. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 11 (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-521-22804-2. The Iranians are one of the three major ethno-linguistic groups who define the modern Near East.

[4] Harmatta, János (1992). "The Emergence of the Indo-Iranians: The Indo-Iranian Languages" (PDF). In Dani, A. H.; Masson, V. M. (eds.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The Dawn of Civilization: Earliest Times to 700 B. C. UNESCO. pp. 346–370. ISBN 978-92-3-102719-2.

[5] electricpulp.com. "ĒRĀN, ĒRĀNŠAHR – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org (ingilis). İstifadə tarixi: 25 noyabr 2025.

[6] Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987), "Aryans", Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. 2, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 684–687,

[7] R. G. Kent. Old Persian. Grammar, texts, lexicon. 2nd ed., New Haven, Conn.

[8] Lazard, G. (1975). "The Rise of the New Persian Language". The Cambridge History of Iran. pp. 595–632. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521200936.021. ISBN 978-1-139-05496-6.

[9] MacKenzie, D. N. (1998). "Ērān, Ērānšahr". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VIII/5: English IV–Eršād al-zerāʿa (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. p. 534. Retrieved 31 March 2021.

[10] Canepa, Matthew (2018). The Iranian Expanse: Transforming Royal Identity Through Architecture, Landscape, and the Built Environment, 550 BCE–642 CE. Oakland: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520379206.

[11] MacKenzie, D. N. (1998). "Ērān, Ērānšahr". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. VIII/5: English IV–Eršād al-zerāʿa (Online ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. p. 534. Retrieved 31 March 2021

[12] Gnoli, G. "Iranian Identity ii. Pre-Islamic Period". Encyclopedia Iranica.

[13] Encyclopædia Iranica, "CENTRAL ASIA: The Islamic period up to the mongols", C. Edmund Bosworth: "In early Islamic times Persians tended to identify all the lands to the northeast of Khorasan and lying beyond the Oxus with the region of Turan, which in the Shahnama of Ferdowsi is regarded as the land allotted to Fereydun's son Tur. The denizens of Turan were held to include the Turks, in the first four centuries of Islam essentially those nomadizing beyond the Jaxartes, and behind them the Chinese (see Kowalski; Minorsky, "Turan"). Turan thus became both an ethnic and a geographical term, but always containing ambiguities and contradictions, arising from the fact that all through Islamic times the lands immediately beyond the Oxus and along its lower reaches were the homes not of Turks but of Iranian peoples, such as the Sogdians and Khwarezmians."

[14] C.E. Bosworth, "The Appearance of the Arabs in Central Asia under the Umayyads and the establishment of Islam", in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting, edited by M. S. Asimov and C. E. Bosworth. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 1998. excerpt from page 23: "Central Asia in the early seventh century, was ethnically, still largely an Iranian land whose people used various Middle Iranian languages.

[15] الآثار الباقية عن القرون الخالية (p. 47)

[16] Rüdiger Schmitt, "Cadusii" in Encyclopedia Iranica^{[ölü keçid]}

[17] Robson, Barbara and Lipson, Juliene (2002) "Chapter 5(B)- The People: The Tajiks and Other Dari-Speaking Groups" Arxivləşdirilib 2010-01-27 at the Wayback Machine The Afghans – their history and culture Cultural Orientation Resource Center, Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C., OCLC 56081073 Arxivləşdirilib 2020-07-13 at the Wayback Machine
A third group, the Farsiwan (also called Parsiwan or Parsiban) are farmers who live near the Iranian border, although some have moved east to the larger towns of Herat, Kandahar, and Ghazni. The Farsiwan, who number about half a million, are ethnically and linguistically indistinguishable from the Iranians across the border.

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